For example, inter-organizational communications include the one-on-one discussions between coworkers. These communications can be purely related to the daily operations of the organization or they can be casual, to stimulate a friendly environment in the workplace. Intra-organizational communication occurs between two or more organizations. For example, an environmental group will need to maintain communications between it, the media, and the government. Finally, an organization will often need to communicate to the society at large. Organizations do so using pamphlets, advertisements, websites, and other media formats.
The effectiveness and efficiency of an organization is reflected in more than just profits. For instance, non-profit organizations often prove their effectiveness and efficiency through their ability to change public policy. Some organizations might have humanitarian goals in mind, such as adoption agencies or aid organizations. The effectiveness of an organization can also depend on its longevity, its ability to retain a happy workforce, and its ability to accomplish its basic but specific aims. An organization can demonstrate maximum efficiency through its ability to conserve resources and function as economically as possible. Many organizations do include profitability as part of the gauge to its effectiveness and efficiency.
Organizational learning refers to the ability of an organization to grow, change, and adapt. An organization might learn through a crisis such as a stock market crash or a sudden loss of profit. or, an organization might be at the mercy of cultural...
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